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-Btrfs:RAID Setup
-================
-:author: Aaron Ball
-:email: nullspoon@iohq.net
-
-
-== {doctype}
-
-I recently became very interested in
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_%28Linux%29[LVM] and its
-ability to have a volume that spans multiple drives. I was just about to do an
-LVM setup when I began researching
-https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page[btrfs] in more depth.  It is
-rumored to be the next replacement for
-https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page[ext4], the default Linux
-filesystem (in most cases). It also happpens to support volumes that span
-multiple devices (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels[raid],
-though software raid albeit), aside from a whole
-https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page#Features[list] of other
-functionalities.
-
-Being a person who really enjoys trying new, cool, and often unstable things
-(who doesn't love a good learning experience), I decided to set up a
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_5[raid 5] using btrfs
-with three whopping one terabyte drives. If all goes well, I should be able to
-loose one drive and still have 2 terabytes ( [3-1]*1000 = 2000 ) fully
-functional.
-
-
-[[getting-started]]
-== Getting Started
-
-Creating a btrfs filesystem is as simple as creating an ext4 filesystem (or any
-other filesystem for that matter). You use the mkfs command.  However, I
-created a raid setup, so I needed a few more parameters.  Here's what I used.
-
-----
-mkfs.btrfs -m raid5 -d raid5 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
-----
-
-Well that was easy. What'd we just do?
-
-[cols=",",options="header",]
-|================================================================
-|mkfs.btrfs |duh
-|-m raid5 |Sets the metadata up to use raid 5
-|-d raid5 |Set the data up to use raid 5
-|/dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd |Span our volume across these devices
-|================================================================
-
-With that, you should now [very quickly] have a new raid 5 (or whatever you
-selected for your raid levels). To mount it, run the mount command on any of
-the raw devices in your raid.
-
-----
-mount -t btrfs /dev/sdb /mnt/oh_heyyy
-----
-
-
-[[compression]]
-== Compression
-
-Btrfs supports various kinds of seamless compression. The default is none since
-compression will cause a performance hit (naturally). I thought I'd give it a
-try anyways. I set up lzo compression (supposedly the fastest compression, but
-less effective) about half way through my sync job (forgot to do it initially).
-The original total size of the files in each home directory came to 386 GB
-(lots of users for a home system). The end result after compression was 377 GB,
-so I ended up saving 9 GB of space while still getting an amazing transfer rate
-(see the link:#Benchmarks[ benchmarks] section). Keep in mind though that I
-enabled compression after I had already synced a good 100 GB of files, so there
-is a good portion of that data that isn't compressed. Despite that though, 9 GB
-of space isn't too bad, especially given the performance.
-
-
-[[handy-commands]]
-== Handy Commands
-
-Here's what commands I'm using most frequently up to this point.
-
-* **btrfs fi**[lesystem] **show**: Shows a list of filesystems and their
-corresponding devices.
-* **btrfs fi**[lesystem] **label <dev> <label>**: Changes the label of
-the specified raid device.
-* **btrfs fi**[lesystem] **df /path/to/mount**: Displays real df data
-about the mounted volume.
-
-
-[[benchmarks]]
-== Benchmarks
-
-I know there are other ways to benchmark storage io, but I wanted to see what
-the maximum write speed would be and I don't have a second raid set up to get a
-high transfer rate in, so my fastest option at this point is /dev/zero. Here's
-my setup (again).
-
-* My btrfs raid 5 is mounted at /home/. The raid is made up of three 1
-TB Western Digital Green drives, each at 7200 rpm and it is mounted with "-o
-compress=lzo".
-* The OS itself ( / ) is installed on a single HDD, a 7200 rpm 500 GB
-Maxtor (slightly olde).
-
-[[btrfs-raid-performance]]
-=== Btrfs Raid Performance
-
-First, we test writing 2000 1M blocks of zeros to /home/, the raid.
-
-----
-[root@zion ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/bench.test bs=1M count=2000
-2000+0 records in 2000+0 records out 2097152000 bytes (2.1
-GB) copied, 6.24284 s, 336 MB/s
-----
-
-336 MB/s! Not bad for a homemade drive array using software raid and
-some desktop drives.
-
-
-[[non-raid-single-hdd-performance]]
-=== Non-Raid Single HDD Performance
-
-Starting with the same as the last but writing to /root/, the single HDD, we
-get...
-
-----
-[root@zion ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/bench.test bs=1M count=2000
-2000+0 records in 2000+0 records out 2097152000 bytes
-(2.1 GB) copied, 30.5043 s, 68.7 MB/s
-----
-
-
-[[impressions]]
-== Impressions
-
-I might not be well versed enough in the area of storage, but setting up a
-btrfs raid was really easy. I did have to learn all the different raid levels
-to decide which I wanted to use of course, but I would have done that anyways.
-The filesystem (again, spanning 3 TB) was created ridiculously fast (as fast as
-I hit the enter key). I performed an rsync from my old drive (a single 500 GB
-HDD, 7200 rpm, 3 Gbit/s) to the new raid (2 TB across 3 HDDs, 7200 rpm, 6
-Gbit/s) volume and got about a 31 MB per second transfer rate, which is the max
-transfer rate that my single 500 GB drive has ever done anyways, so at least
-btrfs can perform that well (not that that's particularly amazing). I was also
-very impressed by the 336 MB/s write speed of the raid array. Perhaps I'm
-ignorant at this point in time, but that seems pretty impressive for some cheap
-off-the-shelf desktop drives. They're not even 10k rpm, let alone 15k. I would
-certainly say that from a performance perspective, btrfs is definitely ready
-for home use. It may be a little new for enterprise use, but that's up to the
-enterprise. For me though, I will keep using it until I see any problems. Even
-then, I'll still troubleshoot and then probably continue using it.
-
-Finally, I have to give some serious credit to the guys who wrote the b-tree
-filesystem (oddly Oracle sponsored it). It's this kind of open source that
-drives the world of technology (not that others don't of course) to expand
-beyond "what the consumer wants". You guys are innovating in the coolest ways
-and best of all, you're making it freely available. Many thanks guys!
-
-
-
-Category:Linux
-Category:Btrfs
-Category:Storage
-Category:RAID
-
-
-// vim: set syntax=asciidoc: