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Previously this relied on screenscraping and parsing output from the pm
tool, which changes between android versions. To maintain better
compatibility, we now list installed apps by looking into the /data/app
path.
Note that this includes shell code to parse out a substring that isn't
strictly POSIX compliant. It however does work on three different models
of phones, so is *probably* compatible. This might need to be reverted
if not though.
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Previously, bash would handle shifting the empty ${@} when no command
was specified, but sh should break with error "shift: nothing to shift".
Now we handle if no command is specified, by printing an error (action
required...) and returning code 1 before executing the shift.
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Previously, we checked for root (uid == 0) first, which meant non-root
users couldn't print the help text.
This moves the check for argument 1 == help out of the normal command
check list and above the root check, and adds an early return to prevent
further execution when the helptext is requested..
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Previously, we installed the apk, extracted the data tarball to the
internal storage, copied the data directory contents to the /data
partition, then cleaned up the temp data directory. This increased io
and made the restore time much slower.
Now we decompress the data backup in memory, and stream its contents
straight to the application install destination (/data/data/...). This
is orders of magnitude faster and reduces storage io extending the life
of the phone storage.
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Prevoiusly, we didn't check if the apk destination backup directory
existed before trying to copy it in. That means that new applications
will fail backup of the installer apk. Now we create the parent
directory first.
Also, now we check if the apk is available on the system itself. In some
cases such as with system apps, the installer apk is not in an expected
location. Backing up installers for system apks is pointless anyways
because /system is mounted as readonly most of the time, so
re-installation at a later date couldn't happen without some
workarounds.
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On more robust posix shells, eval of command options stored in variables
appears to be automatic. On standard Android system sh though, this is
not the case.
Added an eval before the tar command and options so the command will
execute correctly.
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Previously, each application line was broken up into multiple arguments
if IFS was found anywhere. This caused application backup arguments to
be disassociated with their corresponding applications.
Now we parse the file line by line and for each line, the application is
read as input field 1 and all arguments are fields 2 and forwads.
With this new functionality, it will be *much* easier to add additional
backup flags (eg: nocompress, nocleanup, etc).
Updated the preserveCache functionality to use the new functionality.
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Previously, the packaging process created a working directory in which
modifications could be made before the final tarball creation. This was
problematic because most of the time, the backup destination is on a
vfat filesystem, which doesn't support symlinks. Any packages that used
symlinks in their data directory would through "Function not
implemented" errors during the initial copy of this directory. There
were also space concerns with this approach.
This updates the package process to construct a tar command. The
constructon of this command is where package modifications can be made
(eg: --exclude). The usage of tar directly on the source files removes
the need to copy files around. This uses much less storage as well as
performs much faster as it is now almost entirely done in memory.
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Previously, this function was dependent on a running android system to
get application metadata (eg: data path, code path, etc). Now we assume
the defaults in global variables (can update them at a later date to be
more intelligent should android change the standard...again).
Now, the backup process uses POSIX shell compliant code to execute the
backup process, without using android system resources. This enables the
backup process to run while the system is in recover (eg: TWRP).
NOTE: This is currently dependent on TWRP being the recovery of choice,
as it checks for the presence of /sbin/twrp to determine if the system
is currently in recovery. Support for other recoveries (are there any
others?) can be added at a later date.
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I couldn't reproduce this, but it seems that either when the application
is installed but hasn't been launched, the data variable is empty,
causing the script to backup /* (leads to a very big backup for one
app). Now we check to see if data does not exist or is empty and fail if
either is true.
Also fixed a return code for application not installed. Was returning 1
(error). Now we return 2 (enoent).
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Stock grep on android does not support long switches (like
--only-matching vs -o, or --quiet vs -q, etc). This replaces all long
grep arguments with their short equivelants.
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Plus more precise logging and added a new global variable.
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Also a minor text fix in the usage function notes.
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Wrote more helpful helptext for this. Now we print each command, what it
does, and each command's additional options.
Also added a help command.
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The currently lists all packages, system and user, sorted
alphabetically. Still needs more work to add customizable filtering (eg:
only user apps or only system).
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Most stock android systems don't have bash installed, which was
originally required by this script to work. This limited the scope of
this script as not only was root required, but some variant of bash was
as well. This now is (mostly) posix compliant and thus should work on
most modern and older shells and all Android systems that have sh or
bash.
To bring it more into compliance...
* All functions were converted from 'function name { }' syntax to
'name() {}' syntax
* All bash-specific double bracket if statements (if [[ condition ]];
then...) were replaced with the POSIX complaint single bracket/test
syntax (if [ condition ]; then...).
* All double equals (==) statements were replaced with single equals (=)
* Per good practice, most 'echo' statements were replaced with 'printf'
statements.
Not pertinent to the posix compliance refactor, logging functions were
added to standardize output. Log statements have standardized spacing as
well as timestamps.
Also added set -u to warn of unset variable usage.
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Bzip2 isn't available on all android devices, as it is usually installed
with busybox or toybox. Gzip however is available in vanilla android.
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Restoring the data does not restore the selinux contexts defined in
/file_contexts (oops). This caused restored applications to force close
when opened, with an error indicating the database could not be opened.
Add restorecon call to restore selinux contexts after restoring the
data.
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Nougat's dumpsys command returns an error message to stdout when a
package is checked that is not installed. Marshmallow returns nothing.
This changes the 'already-installed' check to look for positive
confirmation with 'userId' rather than a negative confirmation of line
count of 0.
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Was extracting data to be restored, but left the extracted version
there, taking much space sometimes. This cleans up the data directory
after the restore has completed.
Also updated a few messages to make them more unified.
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This currently performs single backups and restores, lists of backups
adn restores (stdin), and lists of backups and restores provided by an
inventory file.
This version has also been tested on system apps as well as user apps.
If an installer apk is available, that is backed up and is reinstalled
upon restore. If not, only the data is backed up (and subsequently
restored).
Note that this requires root.
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